Full Name:  Growth and Development, Ages 11 to 14 Years

Brief Overview:
The ages between 11 and 14 years, often referred to as early adolescence, are exciting times of rapid development. During this period, a teen not only transforms physically but also grows emotionally and begins thinking in more mature ways.

Physical development
Adolescence is a time of rapid physical change throughout the body. A growth spurt usually precedes puberty, when sexual characteristics develop.

Cognitive development
This is the process by which the brain develops the abilities to think, learn, reason, and remember. Adolescents and young teens typically think in concrete ways and focus on the present, although they are beginning to understand some abstract and symbolic concepts. Adolescents are also beginning to recognize the complexity of issues and that information can be interpreted in different ways.

Emotional and social development
Teens will often experience confusion, self-consciousness, and insecurity alternating with joy, excitement, and anticipation. Adolescents are not only learning to adapt to a transforming body, but also trying to solidify their identity. A healthy self-esteem is important during these years because it strongly influences the kinds of friends a teen seeks and the choices one makes.

When to Call a Doctor:
Call your health professional any time you have a concern about your physical or emotional health, such as delayed growth or puberty, changes in appetite, body image problems, behavioral problems, school absenteeism, or suspected substance abuse. A call or visit to your health professional can help you to keep a healthy perspective and know how to recognize when a true problem exists. This understanding may help relieve tension between you and your parents.

Other Places to Look: Crisis Intervention with Adolescents, a Guide for Parents and Professionals by Michael G. Conner, PsyD